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Phosphoric acid, also known as orthophosphoric acid, is a common inorganic acid with the chemical formula H3PO4. The appearance is colorless transparent or slightly yellowish viscous liquid. It has acid properties and is a medium-strong acid. Its acidity is weaker than hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid, but stronger than acetic acid, boric acid, etc. Non-volatile, not easily decomposed, almost non-oxidizing, not highly corrosive. So it is a relatively safe acid. But it easily deliquesces in the air. As an important chemical raw material, phosphoric acid is widely used in agriculture, food, medicine, chemical industry and other fields.
| Item | Index | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food Grade Phosphoric Acid 75%/85% | Tech Grade Phosphoric Acid 75%/85% | |||
| Color/Hazen ≤ | 20 | 20 | 30 | 30 |
| Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) content, % ≥ | 85 | 75 | 85 | 75 |
| Arsenic (As) content, % ≤ | 5.0E-5 | 5.0E-5 | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Fluorine (F) content, % ≤ | 0.001 | 0.001 | — | — |
| Heavy metal (Pb) content, % ≤ | 0.0005 | 0.0005 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| (Fe) % ≤ | — | — | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Easily oxidized substances (H3PO3) content, % ≤ | 0.012 | 0.012 | — | — |
| (CL) % ≤ | — | — | 0.0005 | 0.0005 |
| (SO4), % ≤ | — | — | 0.005 | 0.005 |
The food grade phosphoric acid can be mainly used to prepare phosphate additives. Its purpose is to improve the taste and texture of food, as well as to increase the nutritional value of food. The following is its detailed introduction in food industry:
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Improve food flavor. It can react with amino acids, sugars and other ingredients in food to form a delicious flavor and improve the taste and quality of food.
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Stay hydrated. Food grade phosphoric acid can react with protein, starch and other ingredients in food to form water-holding substances to maintain the moisture and texture of food.
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Adjust pH. Phosphoric acid can reduce the PH value of food and make it acidic, which is beneficial to extending the shelf life and taste of food. Making it acidic will help extend the shelf life and taste of food.
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Increase viscosity. It can react with polysaccharides in food to form viscous substances and improve the texture and taste of food.
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Anti-oxidation. Phosphoric acid food grade can react with fatty acids in food to form stable antioxidant substances, delay the oxidative deterioration of food, and maintain the freshness and nutritional value of food.
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Emulsification. Phosphates can react with fats, proteins and other ingredients in food to form a stable emulsification system and improve the stability and taste of food.
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Disinfection and sterilization. Phosphate has a certain disinfection and sterilization effect and can kill microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses in food to ensure food safety and hygiene.
Industrial grade phosphoric acid always has important application value in many fields due to its unique chemical properties and wide range of uses.
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Fertilizer industry. It is mainly used to produce phosphate fertilizer and compound fertilizer. Phosphate is one of the essential nutrients for plant growth. It can promote the development of plant roots and photosynthesis, thereby improving the yield and quality of crops.
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Pharmaceutical industry. Mainly used in the production of phosphate drugs. For example, sodium dihydrogen phosphate can be used to prepare physiological saline, and tricalcium phosphate can be used to prepare calcium tablets and capsules.
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Metallurgical Industry. The industrial grade phosphoric acid is mainly used to produce iron phosphate and manganese phosphate, which plays an important role in steel production and stainless steel production. In addition, industrial phosphoric acid can also be used to produce other phosphorus compounds, such as copper phosphate, aluminum phosphate, etc.
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Building materials industry. Phosphoric acid industrial grade can be used as an additive in cement and concrete. And phosphate can react with calcium hydroxide in cement to generate more stable calcium phosphate, thereby improving the hardness and compressive strength of cement. In addition to this, phosphates prevent the steel bars in concrete from corroding, thus extending the life of the concrete.
According to different production processes, the production methods of phosphoric acid can be divided into thermal phosphoric acid, wet phosphoric acid and extraction method to produce phosphoric acid. Below is a detailed introduction to these production methods:
Thermal phosphoric acid. It refers to converting phosphate in phosphate rock into soluble sulfate under high temperature and high pressure conditions, and then obtaining phosphoric acid through steps such as extraction and concentration. The phosphoric acid produced by this method has the advantages of high product purity and stable quality, but it requires a large amount of energy and equipment investment, so the production cost is high.
Wet phosphoric acid. This method refers to the use of dilute sulfuric acid to decompose phosphate rock, and then the resulting phosphoric acid solution is concentrated and crystallized to obtain phosphoric acid. This method has the advantages of simple equipment and low energy consumption, but the purity of phosphoric acid is low and requires treatment to reach higher quality standards.
Extraction method. The production of phosphoric acid by extraction method refers to using an extraction agent to convert the phosphate in the phosphate rock into soluble organic phosphate, and then going through steps such as back-extraction and concentration to obtain phosphoric acid. Although this method of producing phosphoric acid has the advantages of high purity and stable quality, it requires auxiliary materials such as extraction agents and organic solvents, so the production cost is high.
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